The quality of education today is often view on term of
productivity of graduates, there are many factors can influence the quality of
education, for example the quality of book materials and the curriculum.
The main reason for university students to
learn English is to help them acquire information in their fied of study
through textbooks, articles,
lecture notes, technical instructions and others. Many students want to be able
to read text in English either careers, for study purposes or simply for
pleasures (Harmer, 2001).
In a learning process we know some of
learning resources, one of them is teaching materials. It is very necessary
component to get more attention. Materials can also make it easy for students
to absorb a variety of materials lectures given by faculty but not all
textbooks can meet the expectations of faculty and students.
English consists of four skills: listening,speaking,writing and
reading. Reading is considered as one of language skills supporting the
development of other skills. As stated by Brown (2001, p. 313), he
believes that reading is treated as one of two or more interrelated skills.
Meanwhile, Sulistyo (2011, p. 20) reading is essentially a form of
communication between writers and readers which is mediated through a written
text.
However,
reading is difficult subject for the students. Many students have low ability
in reading comprehension. Many
factors affect students’ success in reading one of the important factor
that must be considered is an appropriate instructional reading materials.
Ahwal Al-syakhshiyah is one of
departments at Islamic University of Malang, where English is also taught to provide
students with larger opportunities to learn English, so they can develop their
English skills the total credit for English subject is 6. This is intended to
give larger opportunities to students to learn English. However, the teaching
of English at Ahwal Al-syakhshiyah department has number of problems that need
to be taken into account. The main problem is that an appropriate English
subject material is not available. The material used at the present does not
match the needs and characteristics of students.
Regarding the problems mentioned,
something has to be done in order to change the unfavorable situation into
better one. It considered important to develop materials as a source of
learning and an alternative to cope the problems of learning English at Ahwal
Al-syakhshiyah deparment, by considering the needs and characteristics of the
students. Material plays a very important role that they determine the success
of any teaching and learning process.
The
primary goal of teaching English at Ahwal Al-syakhshiyah department at Islamic
University of Malang is to develop the English skills of students in order that
they can communicate spoken and written English in their daily activity (Curriculum of Islamic Faculty of UNISMA, 2011).
As one of general subjects, English has been treated as a compulsory subject
taught to the students that will determine they may continue their study or will
to quit from UNISMA.
Considering the important of English at Ahwal
Al-syakhshiyah department, the material of reading comprehension for students
of Ahwal Al-syakhshiyah department are chosen as the ones to be developed in
this study. Through reading the students are exposed to learn the aspects of
language such as: vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, the sentences and paragraph
are constructed in the text.
Method
Research Design
This study deals with the development
of reading comprehension materials, the design of this study is categorized
under research and development. According to Borg and Gall (1983, p. 772), also
state that research and development is a study
to produce a complete product that can be used effectively in an educational program.
That includes not only the material objects, such as textbooks, instructional
films, and so forth, but it is also intended to refer to establish procedures
and processes, such as a method of teaching or method for organizing
instruction. In relation to the aim to be reached in this study, the final
product of this study is a textbook namely reading comprehension material for
second year students of ahwal al-syakhshiyah department at Islamic University of Malang
The model of development in
this study is based on what Borg and Gall (1983). they propose ten steps in the
R&D cycles as follow : (i) research information and collecting, (2)
planning, (3) developing preliminary form of product (4) preliminary field
test, (5) main product revision, (6)
main field testing, (7) operational product revision (8) operational field
test, (9) final product revision, (10) dissemination and implementation. This
model is chosen because it provides the researcher with simpler and clear
steps. Then the researchers reviews the model above and simplifies it according
to needs of research purpose and to generate a specific model for designing
material. This is based on some considerations such as time restriction when
the research is conducted and the appropriateness of the model to the material
design that is developed. As a result, these steps in this study involved are
as follows: need survey, material development, expert validation, revision,
try- out, revision and final product.
Subject of the study
The study includes the number of
students of Ahwal al-syakhshiyah students
Islamic University of Malang in second year.
The number of subject in this study is all of students in second year of
Ahwal Al-syakhshiyah department, there is only one class in this program, the
class consists of 23 students.
Research
instrument
The instruments used in this study
were questionnaire, interview, discussion, and consultation. For the purpose of
collecting the data about the needs of the students, questionnaire and
interview were used. The data gathered from these instruments was used as a
basis to develop the materials. To collect the data about evaluation, comments,
and suggestions of the experts on the developed materials, questionnaire,
discussion, and consultation were used. The data collected from these
instruments were used as a basis to make revision of the developed materials.
Whereas, in order to collect the data about try-out, questionnaire and
interview were used.
The
procedure of development was adapted from Tomlinson and Masuhara’s models (2004) Suggesting
that the materials development should include the following steps: determining
the themes, collecting the text, selecting the text. The first was determining
the themes. In this step, the researchers decided the appropriate themes based
the students need in their major. The second steps is collecting, the
researcher collect the text from many sources, i.e., textbook, magazine,
internet, etc. The third was selection the texts. Meanwhile, Cunningsworth
(1995, p. 73) stated that reading texts can be used for several different
purposes, and this is reflected in course book, such as; developing reading
skills and strategies, presenting/ recycling grammar items, extending
vocabulary, providing models for writing, giving information of interest to
students, and stimulating oral work. Based the theory above the researcher
develop the materials to make good materials and appropriate with the student’s
need.
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