Abstract
This article is an analysis of one of the literary works, which reveals the values in “when papa scolded me”. the analysis of this
article in concerned to describe the kinds of values in when papa scolded me as
the orientation of education. It is analyzed by reading the text, describe the
kinds of values, interpreting data, which have been identified and classified
by trying to determine the related data with every problem that contains
indicators to determine kinds of values in the short story. The short story is
usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few
significant episodes or scenes. The form encourages economy of sheeting,
concise narrative, and the omission of a complex plot; character is disclosed in action and dramatic encounter but is seldom fully
developed. Despite its relatively limited scope, though, a short story is often
judged by its ability to provide a “complete” or satisfying treatment of its
characters and subject. Values are found in literary works. Good poetry, short
stories, novels, and dramas. In every work of literature contained three
charges: imagination, experience, and values. By reading the literature, it is
expected a number of values can be understood, and
practiced.
Keywords:
values, short story, education
Literature is a fiction resulted from the
creation of spontaneous emotion describing aesthetical literary aspects or
meaning aspect. Perrine (1959, pp. 3-4) Short stories are great teaching tools and great for writing
practice too. One of the benefits of teaching English is the natural impetus to
read widely in the short story genre. However, it is only the rare short story
writer that many people consistently enjoy.
Short story is wonderful for teaching, particularly when there simply
isn't enough time to read an entire novel. The microcosm of a short story
can be a great window into another world, and it also can act as a basis for
teaching much of what we want to teach about literature, themes, settings,
character, dialogue, and so on.
Values are found in literary
works. Good poetry, short stories, novels, and dramas. In every work of
literature contained three charges: imagination, experience, and values. By
reading the literature, it is expected a number of values can be understood,
and practiced
Education is a
form of Learning in which the knowledge, skills,
and habits of a group of
people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching,
training, or research. (Dewey, 1916,
p. 1944). Kumar (2007), says, In English the term “Education” has been derived from two Latin words
Educare (Educere) and Educatum. “Educare” means to train or mould. It again
means to bring up or to lead out or to draw
out, propulsion from inward to outward. The term “Educatum” denotes the
act of teaching. It throws light on the
principles and practice of teaching. The term Educare or Educere mainly
indicates development of the latent faculties of the child. But child does not
know these possibilities. It is the
educator or the teacher who can know these and take appropriate methods
to develop those powers.
Kaivola (2007), says, Orientation of
education is to help students to orientate to the world of education to form
the framework of concepts upon which the content of teacher education is based
and which gives
a basis for students to understand the characteristics of educational sciences.
The course will help students in pursuit of the question what is education by
providing a comprehensive and reflective introduction to the initial study of
education. The focus is on concepts of education; all levels of education.
Learning at junior and
senior school or university in principle and aims to develop the potential and
creativity of students. As with any other science textbooks, short story can also function as a medium of education and helps to find
and use the analysis and imaginative abilities in an effort to broaden student
future, make a good behavior and develop sensitivity to the values of the
senses, intellect and social in character of the society, ethics and aesthetics
through values contained in a short story. Based on the reason above, analyzing
and assessing teaching short stories to find the values that exist in the
short story is expected to be a breakthrough in the student aspires respect
students, they can tolerance and love to youngerr, students are able to manage their energy with the achievement and
actualization abilities, students are tough with all the twists and turns of
life, so it is not easy to fall into neglect enjoyment. Students who have a
moral or immoral autonomy that is not easily carried away by negative
solicitation. It hopes that this doctrine is not collected by the desire for a
culture that increasingly eroded by the rapid progress of civilization
Value in Literature
Literature and values life system is
to social phenomenon, which is completed each other and their attendance as
existential thing. As the form of art, the existence of literature based on the
values system and literature will give contribution for form of values system.
Literature as a life’s product has social, philosophy, religious, ethical, and
aesthetical values. All the values are formed of explicitly, due to the fact:
the vales express the ambiguity literature
Mustafa (2005,
p. 39) states that there are various values recognized in the social living.
The four big parts are religious, philosophical, ethical and aesthetical
values. And each of them still involves the smallest items.
1.
Religious Values
Religious values according to (Mustofa, 2005,
p. 10), are values that have relationship with the god and human being. Religious
values define what people expect of themselves and of others based on the
beliefs common to the religions they practice. Such values represent the core
principles that guide daily decision making. They help people determine which
actions to take, and to make judgments about right or wrong and good or bad.
The world’s most commonly practiced religions often have similar values,
although variations exist in the way some values are prioritized over
others.
Religious
values have close relation with the god and human being. Therefore religious
person is one who beliefs in god, his attitude very intense of loyally and
devotion to his creature Deep believe is acknowledge about the existence of God
that a God is creator of the universe and the content. This term is firstly
needed when we are to be a Muslim or other religion. So no wonder if people
have to say Syahadatain that substantially about our belief in God.
Command of God is rule of God that should be obeyed by the creation,
restricting the rule means that we are betraying to truth of God. He sends his
rule through his messenger that is called apocalypse, and written later as a
holy Qur’an. \
Moreover Oxford, in Mustafa, 2014),
every religious people have a duty to spread the mandate of their religion.
Togetherness and friendship are such brotherhood that suggested by a religion
so in this world as the
creation can stay together peacefully. In this togetherness, peoples have to respect each other; give
the right of every people. The core of religion is prayer; it is important
things that should be done continually every day, through prayer as
human being have a time to ask apologize, or to ask something what the people want, so prayer as the core
means as the key to worship.
2. Philosophical values
The word philosophy is the combination of two
Greek words, “phyla” which means to love, and “Sophia” which
means wisdom. From this time forward philosophers have been known as “loves of
wisdom” Mustofa, (2014) says, philosophical values that cover two aspects of
human beings are life and love. They are attempts of human beings to think most
speculatively and systematically about the universe and the human relationship
to the universes. They are the cases connected with human views and human
attitude in facing the problems in the life.
Sherman, (in Mustofa, 2014) , says, in
other words philosophical values serve to give expression to people’s
speculative interest as their effort to understand themselves in relation to
the universe as whole. Philosophical values attempt to comprehend what people
are and how their existence is. To deal with that, they need to understand the
essences of love and life.
A.
Kind of Philosophical
Values
There are two kinds of
philosophical Values.
1.
Values of Love
There
are three of love as one essence of people existence in this life.There are; 1)
accepting, the sence of welcoming someone or some people into one’s life, 2)
appreciating, the sense of appreciating someone’s or others’ exstence in this
life, 3) wanting the best for others, the sense of wanting someone or some
people to be happy, save, healthy and fulfilled.
a.
Love is Accepting
Accepting
is labelling someone as “okay” and having no paticular desire to change him or
her. Who they are is perfectly fine with you. Someone pose no condition on
whether someone will love them or not.
This is call unconditional love. When someone’s love is conditional, the moment
they step outside your set of conditions, love wanes. Consequently, love is
rerely a constant state but fluctuates based on your degree of acceptence.
b.
Love is Appreciating
Appreciating
is one step beyond acceptance. It’s when the people like about someone. The
people can look at them and feel this weeping appreciation for which they are
their joy, their insights, their humour, their companionship, etc. When someone
says they are in “love” with another, they mean their appreciationis so
enormous for this person that is consumes their every thought. With that kind
of love that the people like the idea of having them forever.
c.
Love is Wanting the Best for them
Actually,
the people who love, it want to be happy, safe, healthy, and fulfilled. We want
them to feel good in all ways, physically, metally and emotionally.
2.
Values of life
There are many values of
life that can be explore them one by one. They can help someone develops a
clearer sense of what most important to his or herself in life. Someone can
make a list of our personal values of life in order of priority and that
personal list of values can guide the one to walk on his or her own life to
reach a better future. These are example of values of life: 1) Abundance, 2)
Acceptance, 3) Accessibility, 4) Accomplishment, 5) Accountability, 6)
Accuracy, 7) Achievement, 8) Acknowledgement, 9) Activeness, 10) Adaptability,
11) Adoration, 12) Adroitness, 13) Advancement, 14) Adventure, 15) Affection,
16) Affluence, 17) Aggressiveness, 18) Agility, 19) Alertness, 20) Altruism,
21) Amazement, 22) Ambition, 23) Amusement, 24) Anticipation, 25) Appreciation,
26) Approachhability, 27) Approval, 28) Art, 29) Articulacy, 30) Artistry, 31)
Assertiveness, 32) Assurance, 33) Attentiveness, 34) Attractiveness, 35)
Audacity, 36) Availability, 37) Awareness, 38) Awe, 39) Balance, 40) Beauty,
41) Being the Best, 42) Belonging, 43) Benevolence, 44) Bliss, 45) Boldness,
46) Bravery, 47) Brilliance, 48) Buoyancy, 49) Calmness, 50) Camaraderie, 51)
Candor, 52) Capability, 53) Care, 54) Carefulness, 55) Celebrity, 56)
Certainty, 57) Challange, 58) Change, 59) Charity, 60) Charm, 61) Chastity, 62)
Cheerfulness, 63) Clarity, 64) Cleanliness, 65) Clear-mindedness, 66)
Cleverness, 67) Closeness, 68) Comfort, 69) Commitment, 70) Community, 71)
Compassion, 72) Competence, 73) Competition, 74) Completion, 75) Composure, 76) Concentration, 77) Confidence, 78) Conformity, 79) Congruency, 80) Connection, 81) Consciousness, 82) Conservation, 83) Consistency, 84) Contentment, 85) Continuity, 86) Contribution, 87) Control, 88) Conviction, 89) Conviviality, 90) Coolness, 91) Cooperation, 92) Cordiality, 93) Correctness, 94) Country, 95) Courage, 96) Courtesy, 97) Craftiness, 99) Creativity, 100) Credibility, 101) Cunning, 102) Curiosity, 103) Daring, 104) Decisiveness, 105) Decorum, 106) Deference, 107) Delight, 108) Dependability, 109) Depth, 110) Desire, 111) Determination, 112) Devotion, 113) Devoutness, 114) Dexterity, 115) Dignity, 116) Diligence, 117) Direction, 118) Directness, 119) Discipline, 120) Discovery, 121) Discretion, 122) Diversity, 123) Dominance, 124) Dreaming, 125) Drive, 126) Duty, 127) Dynamism, 128) Eagerness, 129) Ease, 130) Economy, 131) Ecstasy, 132) Education, 133) Effectiveness, 134) Efficiency, 135) Elation, 136) Elegance, 137) Empathy, 138) Encouragement, 139) Endurance, 140) Energy, 141) Enjoyment, 142) Entertainment, 143) Enthusiasm, 144) Environmentalism, 145) Ethics, 146) Euphoria, 147) Excellence, 148) Excitement, 149) Exhilaration, 150) Expectancy, 151) Expediency, 152) Experience, 153) Expertise, 154) Exploration, 155) Expressiveness, 156) Extravagance, 157) Extroversion, 158) Exuberance, 159) Fairness, 160) Faith, 161) Fame, 162) Family, 163) Fascination, 164) Fashion, 165) Fearlessness, 166) Ferocity, 167) Fidelity, 168) Fierceness, 169) Financial
independence,
170) Firmness, 171) Fitness, 172) Flexibility, 173) Flow, 174) Fluency, 175) Focus, 176) Fortitude, 177) Frankness, 179) Freedom, 180) Friendliness, 181) Friendship, 182) Frugality, 183) Fun, 184) Gallantry, 185) Generosity, 186) Gentility, 187) Giving, 188) Grace, 189) Gratitude, 190) Gregariousness, 191) Growth, 192) Guidance, 193) Happiness, 194) Harmony, 195) Health, 196) Heart, 197) Helpfulness, 198) Heroism, 199) Holiness, 200) Honesty, 201) Honor, 202) Hopefulness, 203) Hospitality, 204) Humility, 205) Humor, 206) Hygiene, 207) Imagination, 208) Impact, 209) Impartiality, 210) Independence, 211) Individuality, 212) Industry, 213) Influence, 214) Ingenuity, 215) Inquisitiveness, 216) Insightfulness, 217) Inspiration, 218) Integrity, 219) Intellect, 220) Intelligence, 221) Intensity, 222) Intimacy, 223) Intrepidness, 224) Introspection, 225) Introversion, 226) Intuition, 227) Intuitiveness, 228) Inventiveness, 229) Investing, 230) Involvement, 231) Joy, 232) Judiciousness, 233) Justice, 234) Keenness, 235) Kindness, 236) Knowledge, 237) Leadership, 238) Learning, 239) Liberation, 240) Liberty, 241) Lightness, 242) Liveliness, 243) Logic, 244) Longevity, 245) Love, 246) Loyalty, 247) Majesty, 248) Making
a difference,
249) Marriage, 250) Mastery, 251) Maturity, 252) Meaning, 253) Meekness, 254) Mellowness, 255) Meticulousness, 256) Mindfulness, 257) Modesty, 258) Motivation, 259) Mysteriousness, 260) Nature, 261) Neatness, 262) Nerve, 263) Non conformity, 264) Obedience, 265) Open-mindedness, 266) Openness, 267) Optimism, 268) Order, 269) Organization, 270) Originality, 271) Outdoors, 272) Outlandishness, 273) Outrageousness, 274) Partnership, 275) Patience, 276) Passion, 277) Peace, 278) Perceptiveness, 279) Perfection, 280) Perkiness, 281) Perseverance, 282) Persistence, 283) Persuasiveness, 284) Philanthropy, 285) Piety, 286) Playfulness, 287) Pleasantness, 288) Pleasure, 289) Poise, 290) Polish, 291) Popularity, 292) Potency, 293) Power, 294) Practicality, 295) Pragmatism, 296) Precision, 297) Preparedness, 298) Presence, 299) Pride, 300) Privacy, 301) Proactively, 302) Professionalism, 303) Prosperity, 304) Prudence, 305) Punctuality, 306) Purity, 307) Rationality, 308) Realism, 309) Reason, 310) Reasonableness, 311) Recognition, 312) Recreation, 313) Refinement, 314) Reflection, 315) Relaxation, 316) Reliability, 317) Relief, 318) Religiousness, 319) Reputation, 320) Resilience, 321) Resolution, 322) Resolve, 324) Resourcefulness, 325) Respect, 326) Responsibility, 327) Rest, 328) Restraint, 329) Reverence, 330) Richness, 331) Rigor, 332) Sacredness, 333) Sacrifice, 334) Sagacity, 335) Saintliness, 336) Sanguinity, 337) Satisfaction, 338) Science, 339) Security, 340) Self-control, 341) Selflessness, 342) Self-reliance, 343) Self-respect, 344) Sensitivity, 345) Sensuality, 346) Serenity, 347) Service, 348) Sexiness, 349) Sexuality, 350) Sharing, 351) Shrewdness, 352) Significance, 353) Silence, 354) Silliness, 355) Simplicity, 356) Sincerity, 357) Skillfulness, 358) Solidarity, 359) Solitude, 360) Sophistication, 361) Soundness, 362) Speed, 363) Spirit, 364) Spirituality, 365) Spontaneity, 367) Spunk, 368) Stability, 369) Status, 370) Stealth, 371) Stillness, 372) Strength, 373) Structure, 374) Success, 375) Support, 376) Supremacy, 377) Surprise, 378) Sympathy, 379) Synergy, 380) Teaching, 381) Teamwork, 382) Temperance, 383) Thankfulness, 384) Thoroughness, 385) Thoughtfulness, 386) Thrift, 387) Tidiness, 388) Timeliness, 389) Traditionalism, 390) Tranquility, 391) Transcendence, 392) Trust, 393) Trustworthiness, 394) Truth, 395) Understanding, 396) Unflappability, 397) Uniqueness, 398) Unity, 399) Usefulness, 400) Utility, 401) Valor, 402) Variety, 403) Victory, 404) Vigor, 405) Virtue, 406) Vision, 407) Vitality, 408) Vivacity, 409) Volunteering, 410) Warm-heartedness, 411) Warmth, 412) Watchfulness, 413) Wealth, 414) Willfulness, 415) Willingness, 416) Winning, 417) Wisdom, 418) Wittiness, 419) Wonder, 420) Worthiness, 421) Youthfulness, 422) Zeal, 423)
3.
Ethical Values
Bertens, (in
Mustofa, 2005), says, in their daily activities, people of course interact each
other in the office, market, school, and everywhere cause, people can know
other’s characters by interacting. Ethic is the knowledge about what usually
people do or the knowledge about the usual habit. Ethic is a reflection of
usual habits, attitudes, based on the norms that being something to rely on
someone oral group in organizing their attitudes
A.
Kinds of
Ethical Value
There
re four kinds of ethical values namely: ethic to God, ethic to ourselves ethic
to people, ethic to environment. (Mustofa, 2014) 1. Ethics to God 2. Ethics to
Ourselves. 3 Ethics to People. 4. Ethics to Environment
4.
Aesthetical Values
Mustofa (2014), aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch
of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, ad taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty,
it is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensory-emotional
values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste, more broadly,
scholars in the field defines aesthetics as “critical reflection on art,
culture and nature
No comments:
Post a Comment