By Neeny Sumarni
Introduction
The first chapter discusses about
the background of the study, research problem, objective of the study, scope
and limitation of the study, significance of the study, and some definition of
the key terms used in this study.
1.1 Background of the Study
Nowadays English has become an
important language in the world because English as one of the international
languages that is used in communicating with other people in the world such as
in education,business,politic,etc.Thus,many people have been mastering English
because of it.
In Indonesia, English as a foreign
language is taught in formal and informal school, starting from kindergarten up
to the higher education. It indicates that English is a very important language
to be learned, by hoping the student will use it well
either in the form of oral or written.
To most
people, mastering the art of speaking is the single most important aspect of
learning a second or foreign language, and success is measured in terms of the
ability to carry out a conversation in the language. In other words, speaking
as a means of communication orally is highly needed and has to be taught in the
school as good as possible Nunan (1991) in Eduard
(2009:3).
In the
reality, some students think that learning English especially in speaking skill
is very difficult. There are some factors for it. One of the factors is not
absorbing in learning English, so that it influences their ability in learning
English such as become a passive student and
there is no effort to improve their ability. Then, this is homework for a
teacher of English to have an extraordinary way
to make the students interested in learning English, especially in speaking. As
Hasanah (1997) in Eduard (2009:5) says that the passiveness of the students was
caused by internal and external factors. The internal
factors cover lack of motivation, lack of vocabulary, and reluctance to
express the ideas. And the external factors cover no variation of teaching
method, large classes, and uninteresting topics.
Based on the observation of the researcher in
grade seventh students of SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang, the students
were difficult to speak English because of two reasons: (1) the students were
lack of vocabulary so that they reluctance to express their ideas. (2) the
students were very difficult to perform their speaking in front of their
friends because they are afraid of making mistakes so that their friends are
laughing at them. Therefore, the students seem to be passive students. Finally,
the researcher concluded that this problem because of the internal factors,
such as lack of motivation, lack of vocabulary and reluctance to express the
ideas. Based on the background above, the researcher proposes a method that can be taken into
consideration to improve speaking ability at Junior High School by applying an interesting method that is The Direct method.
The Direct Method has one very basic
rule:No translation is allowed.In fact,the Direct Method receives its name from
the fact that meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language through
the use of demonstration and visual aids,with no resources to the students’
native language (Diller 1978).
This method
gives motivation to the students in the teaching and learning process exactly
in the students’ speaking class. Furthermore, the students will be easy to be
controlled when their friends are performing their speaking in the class.
Therefore,
the study is conducted to improve students’ speaking ability of the grade seventh students of
SMP Wahid
Hasyim Malang.
1.2 Research
Problem
Based on the research background
above, the statement of the problem is formulated as “How
can The Direct Method improve the speaking ability of grade seventh students of
SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang.
1.3 Objective of
the Study
Based on the research problem above,
the purpose of this study is to improve student’s speaking ability of grade
seventh at SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang.
1.4 Scope and
Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study is applying
The Direct Method for Junior High School to improve student’s speaking ability.
This research is implemented for grade seventh of SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang.
Furthermore, it is impossible for
the researcher to handle all of speaking materials because of the broad scope
of the materials and the limited skill of the researcher herself. Therefore,
the researcher limited this study to the teaching of speaking which is focused
on monolog speaking only.
1.5 Significance
of the Study
Based on the research problem and
the purpose of the study, the result of this study can be useful theoretically
and practically. Theoretically, the result of this study is expected to give information to the teachers and other
researchers about the technique of teaching English, especially in teaching
speaking by using Direct Method. And practically, the result of this
study can be useful for the teacher and for the students.
1.
For the
teacher, the result of this study is hoped to be useful as the additional
knowledge that can be applied in the process of teaching and learning English,
especially in improving speaking ability. In other words, teacher can use The Direct method as
the alternative method in teaching and
learning English. Therefore, teacher is able
to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning English
by having a reason that The Direct method can be
applied easily and makes the students more enthusiastic in learning English,
especially in speaking.
2.
For
students, the result of this study is expected to improve students’
interest in speaking as students’ spirit to achieve their achievement.
1.6 Definition
of Key Terms
Avoiding some misunderstanding on the term and concepts used
in this research, some definitions are provided as follows:
1.
Improving
Process which enhances students
knowledge and enables them to acquire skills such as communication, independent
learning and collaboration for lifelong learning and the challengges.
2.
Speaking ability
Create the students in the classroom
environment to speak and express their idea in English and ability of students
to use English in their daily communication which is showed by their speaking
scores.
3. The
Direct Method
The Direct Method that use in
speaking subject is guessing on no translation allowed. In this method, the
students should not translate one by one words into native language. So that,
this is support for the students to understand the meaning of the words
directly from speaking practice while the lesson running.
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