Introduction
This chapter presents some information including background of the study,
statements of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation
of study and the last definition of key
term.
1.1
Background
of the study
English is an international language, used as an instrument of
communication with other people from different countries in the world, so that
the language should be mastered by us. By knowing English, we can do everything. It plays in important role in transfering
information especially for adopting science, technology, culture and developing
interrelationship with foreign country. Realizing the importance of English, Indonesian
government has realized and has decided that English is a compulsory subject at
junior high school. In mastering one of the knowledge especially for second
language, the students have to be able to speak. Speaking consists of some
skills and different type of knowledge. So, if they can master the complex skills they
will know more how and when to communicate with other people Heaton, J.B (1991).
There are new appreciations in teaching and learning styles. The
students often have the unique in learning styles, for example: making pictures
and sentences in brochures and pamphlets. This particular community comes to
classes and effort to have some perceptions on how to encourage the different
individuals in become familiar for teaching styles and presented the materials
Sarah Cunningham (2003).
It is commonly happened to everybody that
certain educational levels should be familiar to the different students; it
means that the students who come from different background. For example, social
background, economic, level of competence, interests. Regarding the communication process, especially
oral communication in which Guntur in his book “Menulis sebagai suatu
keterampilan berbahasa “, (writing as a language skills / called as direct
communication is done verbally from the communicator to his partner
(interlocutor).
Furthermore, the teacher of language classroom
efforts to pay much attention to the student’s capability in speaking the
target language in contrary, previously the student in the language classroom
are emphasized on the acquisition of linguistic structures or vocabularies, and
as a result, the students may know the rules of language usage that will be
unable to use the language (Larsen, 1983: 123).
Considering problem, relating to speaking
activities in class and helping students to improve their speaking skill is
part of the teacher’s job because the ability of students in speaking is low. From the observation,
the researcher found that the students have some
problems and the mean of score was 7,0 (see appendix III), while the expected score on the basis of minimum score
was 7.5. Because first, the students have good speaking ability and bad
speaking ability, sometime students give response to their teacher when teacher
gives a speaking material assignment but sometime students ignore the teachers’
assignment. He or she is expected to have right teaching media to
provide students with appropriate teaching materials and to create a positive
classroom environment. Therefore, the students will have opportunity to use
English among themselves.
Speaking is an activity used by someone to
communicate with other. It take place very where and has become part of our
daily activities. When someone speaks, he or she interacts and uses the
language to express his or her ideas, feeling and thought. He or she also
shares information to other trough communication Emry (2007).
Fortunately, nowadays the students are
challenged and rewarded to cope the sufficient knowledge for the sake of their
ability in speaking in target language. Means that, they are challenged to
speak English fluently, for example; when the students could express his
desires, ideas, thought or willingness by using the target language. So, all at
once he may easily learn the listening, reading and writing skills accordingly.
Secondly, they felt rewarded when they understood that by mastering the English
orally they might get pleasant and intelligent carrier choices beyond the
complex and the modern society.
To cover the students who have the definite
capability, specifically, in speaking the target language. The teacher in the
language classrooms tries hard to involve themselves, the students and all of
their resources mentally and physically gain interest in learning the target
language. For one common thing, an imaginative and creative professional teacher
stimulates the students’ interest with various kinds of vicarious experiences
“learning by doing”, for example by asking the students to have field trip,
camping, recreation, picnic etc. Another, presenting the materials with
miscellaneous interesting and fascinating strategies, approaches and techniques
in teaching introduces the students with worthwhile or powerful media such as
television, radio, videos, tape recorder or OHP (overhead projector) and even,
easy, -made-media for the schools which cannot effort to pay, because they are
unreasonable in finance (Sadiman et al
2007: 5).
Brochures and pamphlets are two types of media
which can be easily obtained whenever or wherever in the market, even on the
trees along the road, on the walls and in any instance which familiar to public
relation and advertising or promotion center.
Starting from those above phenomena the
researcher in this particular writing intends to describe the use of brochures
and pamphlets as a media of teaching used to improve the student’s ability in
oral presentation of the eight grade students of Junior High School 2 Singosari because the score of speaking test were low
and under the minimum standard score.
There
are some factor that influence the score were low. The researcher found that
problems faced by students in teaching and learning process are the students
have low motivation in speaking, students feel bored in speaking activities,
they got difficulty to explore their ideas, and the student’s ideas are not
well organized because there are many errors in vocabulary, grammar, and
spelling. And the English teacher used the same method during teaching and
learning process.
The researcher used brochures and pamphlets as
educational media to improve the student’s speaking ability. It will be brought
by the research as a new media in the class. The researcher investigates the
teaching and learning to improve students’ learning, observing that happen in
the class, managing the class, controlling students’ speaking achievement in
each cycle.
Brochures and pamphlets
can help the teacher overcome
the limitation of the room, time and imagination, making the teaching learning
process more enjoyable, helping the teacher make the students have similar
perception, experience, stimulus or respond for they have different backgrounds
of lives, so the students have more motivation that can improve their speaking
ability. Hopefully, brochures and
pamphlets as educational media of
teaching speaking can help the students to explore their ability in process of
speaking. So, the mean score can increase from 7.0 to 7.5.
1.2 Statements of the Problem
Based on of the study, the problems of research can be formulated as follows: how
can brochures and pamphlets improve students’ speaking ability of eight grade of
SMPN 2 Singosari?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
To describe how Brochures and Pamphlets can improve students’ speaking
ability of eight grade of SMPN 2 Singosari?
1.4 Significance of the Study
This research is useful
to encourage the researcher to conduct further research and improve her
knowledge in teaching English and improve the speaking ability. Teoritically,the
researcher expects that the result of this study can be used as references for
a teacher in implementing the strategy in teaching and learning English,
especially in speaking process and the result of action research is to help the
teacher to solve the problem in teaching learning process. Beside that, to be
able to improve teaching quality in the classroom and support to teach the
class creatively, especially in SMPN 2 Singosari. Practically, there are
expected to increase the student’s interest to talk actively in the class on
their daily activity to communication to each other that their speaking ability
will be improved.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
of The Study
This researcher focuses
on the teaching of speaking by using brochures and pamphlets, which is used to
improve the student’s speaking ability. This research is a classroom action research
and is conducted of eight grade of SMPN
2 Singosari. More specify, the use of media in role play in mobile phone cellular shop to improve students’
speaking ability of eight grade of SMPN 2 Singosari. The students a little bit
difficult to absorb the information from this media because some of them seldom
to see the brochures and pamphlets paper in their daily life.
1.6 Definition
of The key Terms
To avoid possible misunderstanding
and misinterpretation about the variables are involved in this particular
present study, the following definition are put for words:
1.
Brochures
Brochures are a small thin book especially one
giving instructions or details of a service offered, from money, holiday
brochures
/ a small book or magazine containing pictures and information about product or
service.
2.
Pamphlets
Pamphlets
are a small book with paper covers which deals usually with some matters of
public interest
that containing information about single subject.
3. Speaking
The ability in uttering articulated
sound or expressing the word, phrase, sentence, starting the ideas, desires and
willingness through audible (sound uttered) or visible (body language) with a
well-arranged combined ideas.
4. Improving
is the action or process that can make the students’ speaking ability of eight
grade of SMPN 2 Singosari better than before.
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