Monday, March 30, 2015

The Implementation of Brainstorming Technique to Improve Writing Narrative Text Ability

By Ipik Wasisto SW


Writting is a communicative action that is certainly need to be taken care or developed when the students in their language learning. According to Elite Olshtain in Celce (2001, p. 207), writing as a communicative activity needs to be encouraged and nurtured during the language learner’s course of study. Through writing, the students become involved with the new language, trying to express their ideas and  use  eyes, hand, brain constantly as a unique way to reinforce learning.
It is a hard one for them when they are not accustomed to exploring their ideas to write  anything, while  they  are being asked by the teacher to write some paragraphs of a kind of text. In the class, writing narrative text can be hard to write because it needs enough  idea or difficult to develop the ideas become a good text.
Furthermore, narrative as one of the genres in English text which is regarded to be one of the difficult genre for the students due to the fact that they have difficulties to explore their ideas to write and they do not have capability to use simple past tense. Besides that, they also find some different generic structures and language features as like the other genres. On the other hand, creating good written text based on their genres have to take a lot of aspects for being paid attention by the students, for example about the title of their written text, good vocabulary and structures, knowing the generic structures and also the language features. And also they do not pay attention to the punctuation and capitalization, and one of the most important thing is to explore ideas.
The  next problem, building ideas in writing are the difficult problems for the students. Certainly, this condition affects to teachers for increasing the quality of the students’ writing. In this case, they should provide a good technique to make them easy to build their  ideas.
For this problem, the researcher used the brainstorming technique as the reasons ;  (1) the way to develop and generates ideas, (2) increasing the creative thinking,and (3) have an ability in finding out what they do know or do not know. Like Davis (1982, p. 64) states that brainstorming is one of the most familiar ways to develop and generates ideas. Moreover, it is useful to develop creative thinking. Meadow and Parnes (1965, p. 252) mentioned that brainstorming as a technique for creative problem solving is useful on the production of creative things and ideas. Moreover, using various techniques may help students to achieve the obective learning writing. In this case, brainstorming list can help the student to find out what they do know or do not know. This list saves the students or the researcher from helpless feeling that the students know about the topic. In relating to the topic for writing, the brainstorming technique improves the writer’s curiosity. This technique is interesting to do the research because it is never introduced before to the students.

Method
Planning
In this step, the researcher and the collabolator prepared the guided question through the brainstorming technique to be implemented  in teaching learning activity. It consisted of the strategy, lesson plan and criteria of succes.
Preparing the strategy. The strategy of  brainstorming technique applied in the classroom is devided into two types they are free writing style and listing style. And the steps is as follow.
1.     For the brainstorming technique using free writing style.
Firstly, give the simple picture in narrative. Secondly, think the topic. Thirdly, write the topic without thinking or worrying about grammar, spelling for a few minutes. Next,write the “stop” if no ideas.The last, start to write with the ideas.
2.     For the brainstorming technique using free writing style .
Firstly, give the simple picture in narrative. Secondly, think the topic. Thirdly, write or list the key word of the topic. The last, write out the everything which is related the topic.
            Designing lesson plan. The lesson plan focused on the used of the brainstorming technique in the classroom to solve the students’ problems, especially in writing narrative. In each lesson plan there is the steps of the free writing and listing style.
Criteria of success. The criteria of succes are used  to know whether the implementation of the action achieved. According to interviewing, the score target of  Narrative Writting Ability is 70 based on the Minimal Standard Passing Grade ( KKM) of  SMP PGRI 1 Kediri. Then the actions were regarded successfully if more than  75 % of the students could achieve the Minimal Standard Passing Grade. However  if the requirement above could not be achieved in cycle 1, the action will be continued in the next cycle.

Implementation
As all preparations are ready to be used, the researcher implemented the activities have been designed using the brainstorming technique. The subjes is the second years students of SMP PGRI 1 Kediri.
            In implementing the action plan, the researcher was assisted by collabolator  who at the same time acted as the observer in the teaching learning process in the class. during the process, a collbolator held field note and observation cheklist.


Observation
Data and source of data. The data were inthe form of qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were about the students’ participation  in writing narrative activities, comment, opinion and sugestion. The quantitative data were the students’ writing narrative test. The data were obtained from the students and the collabolator as observer.
Instrument and techniques for data collection. To collect the required data, the researcher used an observation checklist, field note and a test. The observation checklist  was used to observe students’ activities in teacing learning process in the classroom, and to observe the researcher dealing with  the used of the lesson plan, instructional material, writing narrative and implementation of the brainstormin technique.  The fiels notes were used regularly to takes notes and record the information about the event, dates, and person involeved in teaching learning process. The list of question was used to know the students responses to the implementing the brainstorming technique both in free writing style and listing style.

Reflection
This part connects with the activity to analyze the imp[lementation of the actio during the cycle, which was  gained the result of observation. It includes  the discussion of how far the develop strategy solves the problems and the factors that might be the causes of the unsuccessfull strategy applied. in this research, the researcher reflecte the strategy has been done in the activities of learning and impact of the activities as well as toward the improvement of the students’ writing narrative ability. The data obtained then checked with the criteria of success to see whether the data have been suitable with the criteria or not. The result of this reflection is , then as the basic consideration to revise the technique  to be applied  in the next cycle to get the  a better result of learning or the researcher should stop as the reason is the result have been suitable with the criteria of success.

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